CHAPTER 6

• Cohen, B. 2006. "Urbanization in Developing Countries: Current Trends, Future Projections, and Key Challenges for Sustainability," p. 78. Technology in Society 28(1-2): 63-80.
  
  
• For a comprehensive discussion of the concept of governance as applied to urban areas, see: Montgomery, M. R., et al., Panel on Urban Dynamics, National Research Council (eds.). 2003. Cities Transformed: Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World, pp. 355-409. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press; and the World Bank. 2000. Cities in Transition: World Bank Urban and Local Government Strategy. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  
  
• The World Bank 2000, p. 35.
  
  
• Montgomery, M. R., et al., Panel on Urban Dynamics, National Research Council (eds.) 2003.
  
  
• In view of further climate change—as underlined by the recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change—including probable future rises in mean sea levels, low-elevation coastal areas, which are home to 360 million urbanites, merit specific attention. See: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis: Summary for Policy Makers. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Website: www.ipcc.ch/SPM2feb07.pdf, accessed 14 February 2007.
  
  
• UN Millennium Project. 2006. Public Choices, Private Decisions: Sexual and Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals, p. 72. New York: UNDP.
  
  
• UNESCO. 2001. Women and Urban Crisis: Gender Sensitive Strategies for Managing Critical Urban Environments in the South and East, p. 14. Paris: MOST-UNESCO.
  
  
• An authoritative World Bank study found much higher than expected inequalities on such measures as infant and child mortality, maternal mortality, malnutrition and fertility. See: Gwatkin, D., et al. 2000. Socio-economic Differences in Health, Nutrition and Population: 45 Countries. Washington, D.C.: Health, Nutrition and Population Department, the World Bank.
  
  
• Ibid.; and Gwatkin, D. R., A. Wagstaff, and A. S. Yazbeck. 2005. Reaching the Poor with Health, Nutrition and Population Services: What Works, What Doesn't, and Why. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  
  
• These results have been described as indicating an "absolute system failure" in reproductive health care for poor and vulnerable people. See: Campbell-White, A., T. Merrick, and A. Yazbeck. 2007. "Reproductive Health: The Missing MDG: Poverty, Health and Development in a Changing World." Preliminary draft. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  
  
• UN Millennium Project 2006, p. 61.
  
  
• This section is partly based on: Torres, H. G. 2006. "Socioeconomic and Demographic Information for Urban Social Policies." Draft paper prepared for this Report.
  
  
• The World Bank. 2003. World Development Report 2004: Making Services Work for Poor People, p. 22. Washington, D.C., and Oxford: The World Bank and Oxford University Press.
  
  
• Lyons, M., C. Smuts, and A. Stephens. 2001. "Participation, Empowerment and Sustainability: (How) Do the Links Work?" Urban Studies 38(8): 1233-1251; and Mitlin, D., and J. Thompson. 1995. "Participatory Approaches in Urban Areas: Strengthening Civil Society or Reinforcing the Status Quo?" Environment and Urbanization 7(1): 231-250.
  
  
• UNCHS (Habitat). 2000. Women and Urban Governance, p. 35. Policy Dialogue Series. No. 1. Nairobi: UNCHS (Habitat).
  
  
• Mitlin and Thompson 1995.
  
  
• Court, J., and L. Cotterrell. 2006. What Political and Institutional Context Issues Matter for Bridging Research and Policy: A Literature Review and Discussion of Data Collection Approaches. ODI Working Paper. No. 269. London: Overseas Development Institute.
  
  
• Crewe, E., and J. Young. 2002. Bridging Research and Policy: Context, Evidence and Links. ODI Working Paper. No. 173. London: Overseas Development Institute.