| 1- |
Cohen, B. 2006. “Urbanization in Developing Countries: Current Trends, Future Projections, and Key Challenges for Sustainability,” p. 78. Technology in Society 28(1-2): 63-80. |
| 2- |
ááÇØáÇÚ Úáì ãäÇÞÔÉ ÔÇãáÉ áãÝåæã ÇáÍßã ßãÇ íäØÈÞ Úáì ÇáãäÇØÞ ÇáÍÖÑíÉ¡ ÇäÙÑ: Montgomery, M. R.¡ æÂÎÑæä¡ ÇáÝÑíÞ ÇáãÚäí ÈÇáÚæÇãá ÇáÏíäÇãíÉ ÇáÍÖÑíÉ¡ ÇáãÌáÓ ÇáÞæãí ááÈÍæË. National Research Council (eds.). 2003. Cities Transformed: Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World, pp. 355-409. æÇÔäØä¡ ÇáÚÇÕãÉ: ãØÈÚÉ ÇáÃßÇÏíãíÇÊ ÇáÞæãíɺ æÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí. 2000. Cities in Transition: World Bank Urban and Local Government Strategy. æÇÔäØä¡ ÇáÚÇÕãÉ: ÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí. |
| 3- |
ÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí 2000¡ Õ 35. |
| 4- |
Montgomery, M. R.¡ æÂÎÑæä¡ ÇáÝÑíÞ ÇáãÚäí ÈÇáÚæÇãá ÇáÏíäÇãíÉ ÇáÍÖÑíÉ¡ ÇáãÌáÓ ÇáÞæãí ááÈÍæË (ÇáãÍÑÑæä). 2003. |
| 5- |
ÈÇáäÙÑ Åáì ÒíÇÏÉ ÊÛíÑ ÇáãäÇÎ Ü ßãÇ ÃÈÑÒåÇ ÊÞÑíÑ ÇáåíÆÉ ÇáÍßæãíÉ ÇáÏæáíÉ ÇáãÚäíÉ ÈÊÛíÑ ÇáãäÇÎ ÇáÕÇÏÑ ãÄÎÑÇð Ü ÈãÇ íÔãá ÇÍÊãÇá ÍÏæË ÇÑÊÝÇÚÇÊ ãÓÊÞÈáÇð Ýí ãÊæÓØ ãÓÊæíÇÊ ÇáÈÍÑ¡ ÊÓÊÍÞ ÇåÊãÇãÇð ãÍÏÏÇð ÇáãäÇØÞ ÇáÓÇÍáíÉ ÇáãäÎÝÖÉ ÇáÇÑÊÝÇÚ Úä ãÓÊæì ÓØÍ ÇáÈÍÑ¡ ÇáÊí íÞØäåÇ 660 ãáíæäÇð ãä ÇáãÊÍÖÑíä. ÇäÙÑ: ÇáåíÆÉ ÇáÍßæãíÉ ÇáÏæáíÉ ÇáãÚäíÉ ÈÊÛíÑ ÇáãäÇÎ. 2007. ÊÛíÑ ÇáãäÇÎ 2007: ÃÓÇÓ ÇáÚáã ÇáÝíÒíÇÆí: ãæÌÒ ãä ÃÌá æÇÖÚí ÇáÓíÇÓÇÊ. ÌäíÝ: ÇáåíÆÉ ÇáÍßæãíÉ ÇáÏæáíÉ ÇáãÚäíÉ ÈÊÛíÑ ÇáãäÇÎ. ÇáãæÞÚ Úáì ÇáÅäÊÑäÊ:
www.ipcc.ch/SPM2feb07.pdf¡ ÈÇáÑÌæÚ Åáíå Ýí 14 ÔÈÇØ/ÝÈÑÇíÑ 2007. |
| 6- |
ãÔÑæÚ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ááÃáÝíÉ. 2006. ÎíÇÑÇÊ ÚÇãÉ¡ æÞÑÇÑÇÊ ÎÇÕÉ: ÇáÕÍÉ ÇáÌäÓíÉ æÇáÅäÌÇÈíÉ æÇáÃåÏÇÝ ÇáÅäãÇÆíÉ ááÃáÝíÉ¡ Õ 72. äíæíæÑß: ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ÇáÅäãÇÆí. |
| 7- |
ÇáíæäÓßæ. 2001. ÇáãÑÃÉ æÇáÃÒãÉ ÇáÍÖÑíÉ: ÇÓÊÑÇÊíÌíÇÊ ãÑÇÚíÉ ááãÑÃÉ ãä ÃÌá ÅÏÇÑÉ ÇáÈíÆÇÊ ÇáÍÖÑíÉ ÇáÍÑÌÉ Ýí ÇáÌäæÈ æÇáÔÑÞ¡ Õ 14. ÈÇÑíÓ: MOST-UNESCO. |
| 8- |
æÌÏÊ ÏÑÇÓÉ ááÈäß ÇáÏæáí ãæËæÞ ÈåÇ ÃæÌå ÇäÚÏÇã ãÓÇæÇÉ ÛíÑ ãÊæÞÚÉ ÃÚáì ßËíÑÇð ÝíãÇ íÊÚáÞ ÈãÞÇííÓ ãä ÞÈíá æÝíÇÊ ÇáÑÖÚ æÇáÃØÝÇá¡ æÇáæÝíÇÊ ÇáäÝÇÓíÉ¡ æÓæÁ ÇáÊÛÐíÉ¡ æÇáÎÕæÈÉ. ÇäÙÑ: Gwatkin, D.¡ æÂÎÑæä. 2000. Socio-economic Differences in Health, Nutrition and Population: 45 Countries. æÇÔäØä¡ ÇáÚÇÕãÉ: ÅÏÇÑÉ ÇáÕÍÉ æÇáÊÛÐíÉ æÇáÓßÇä¡ ÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí. |
| 9- |
ÇáãÑÌÚ äÝÓåº æ Gwatkin, D. R., A. Wagstaff, and A. S. Yazbeck. 2005. ÊÞÏíã ÇáÎÏãÇÊ ÇáÕÍíÉ æÇáÊÛÐæíÉ æÇáÓßÇäíÉ Åáì ÇáÝÞÑÇÁ: ãÇ ÇáÐí íäÌÍ¡ æãÇ ÇáÐí áÇ íäÌÍ¡ æáãÇÐÇ. æÇÔäØä¡ ÇáÚÇÕãÉ: ÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí. |
| 10- |
æõÕÝÊ åÐå ÇáäÊÇÆÌ ÈÃäåÇ ÊÈíä "ÝÔáÇð äÙãíÇð ãØáÞÇð" Ýí ãÌÇá ÑÚÇíÉ ÇáÕÍÉ ÇáÅäÌÇÈíÉ ááÝÞÑÇÁ æÇáÖÚÝÇÁ. ÇäÙÑ: Campbell-White, A., T. Merrick, and A. Yazbeck. 2007. "ÇáÕÍÉ ÇáÅäÌÇÈíÉ: ÇáåÏÝ ÇáãÝÞæÏ ãä ÇáÃåÏÇÝ ÇáÅäãÇÆíÉ ááÃáÝíÉ: ÇáÝÞÑ æÇáÕÍÉ æÇáÊäãíÉ Ýí ÚÇáã ãÊÛíÑ". ãÓæÏÉ ÃæáíÉ. æÇÔäØä¡ ÇáÚÇÕãÉ: ÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí. |
| 11- |
ãÔÑæÚ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ááÃáÝíÉ 2006¡ Õ 61. |
| 12- |
íÓÊäÏ åÐÇ ÇáÞÓã ÌÒÆíÇð Åáì: Torres, H. G. 2006. "ÇáãÚáæãÇÊ ÇáÇÌÊãÇÚíÉ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏíÉ æÇáÏíãÛÑÇÝíÉ ááÓíÇÓÇÊ ÇáÇÌÊãÇÚíÉ ÇáÍÖÑíÉ". ãÓæÏÉ æÑÞÉ ÃõÚÏÊ ãä ÃÌá åÐÇ ÇáÊÞÑíÑ. |
| 13- |
ÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí. 2003. ÊÞÑíÑ ÇáÊäãíÉ Ýí ÇáÚÇáã 2004: ÌÚá ÇáÎÏãÇÊ ÝÚÇáÉ ÈÇáäÓÈÉ ááÝÞÑÇÁ¡ Õ 22. æÇÔäØä¡ ÇáÚÇÕãÉ¡ æÃæßÓÝæÑÏ: ÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí æãØÈÚÉ ÌÇãÚÉ ÃæßÓÝæÑÏ. |
| 14- |
Lyons, M., C. Smuts, and A. Stephens. 2001. “Participation, Empowerment and Sustainability: (How) Do the Links Work?” Urban Studies 38(8): 1233-1251; and Mitlin, D., and J. Thompson. 1995. “Participatory Approaches in Urban Areas: Strengthening Civil Society or Reinforcing the Status Quo?” Environment and Urbanization 7(1): 231-250. |
| 15- |
ãÑßÒ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ááãÓÊæØäÇÊ ÇáÈÔÑíÉ (ÇáãæÆá). 2000. ÇáãÑÃÉ æÇáÍßã ÇáÍÖÑí¡ Õ 35. ÓáÓáÉ ÇáÍæÇÑÇÊ ÈÔÃä ÇáÓíÇÓÇÊ. ÇáÑÞã 1. äíÑæÈí: ãÑßÒ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ááãÓÊæØäÇÊ ÇáÈÔÑíÉ (ÇáãæÆá). |
| 16- |
Mitlin and Thompson 1995. |
| 17- |
Court, J., and L. Cotterrell. 2006. What Political and Institutional Context Issues Matter for Bridging Research and Policy: A Literature Review and Discussion of Data Collection Approaches. æÑÞÉ Úãá áãÚåÏ ÇáÊäãíÉ ÝíãÇ æÑÇÁ ÇáÈÍÇÑ. ÇáÑÞã 269. áäÏä: ãÚåÏ ÇáÊäãíÉ ÝíãÇ æÑÇÁ ÇáÈÍÇÑ. |
| 18- |
Crewe, E., and J. Young. 2002. Bridging Research and Policy: Context, Evidence and Links. æÑÞÉ Úãá áãÚåÏ ÇáÊäãíÉ ÝíãÇ æÑÇÁ ÇáÈÍÇÑ. ÇáÑÞã 173. áäÏä: ãÚåÏ ÇáÊäãíÉ ÝíãÇ æÑÇÁ ÇáÈÍÇÑ. |