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ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ. 2006. ÊäÝíÐ äÊÇÆÌ ãÄÊãÑ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ÇáãÚäí ÈÇáãÓÊæØäÇÊ ÇáÈÔÑíÉ (ÇáãæÆá ÇáËÇäí) æÊÚÒíÒ ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ááãÓÊæØäÇÊ ÇáÈÔÑíÉ (ãæÆá ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ): ÊÞÑíÑ ÇáÃãíä ÇáÚÇã (A/61/262)¡ Õ 5. äíæíæÑß: ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ. |
| 2- |
íÓÊäÏ åÐÇ ÇáÝÕá ÇÓÊäÇÏÇð ßÈíÑÇð Åáì: McGranahan, G., D. Mitlin, and D. Satterthwaite. 2006. “Land and Services for the Urban Poor in Urbanizing Countries.”º ãÓæÏÉ æÑÞÉ ÃÚÏÊ ãä ÃÌá åÐÇ ÇáÊÞÑíѺ æTacoli, C., G. McGranahan, and D. Satterthwaite. 2006 “Urbanization, Poverty and Inequity: Is Rural-urban Migration a Poverty Problem, or Part of the Solution?”. ãÓæÏÉ æÑÞÉ ÃÚÏÊ ãä ÃÌá åÐÇ ÇáÊÞÑíѺ æMartine, G. 2006. “Poverty, Space and Urban Growth.”. æãÓæÏÉ æÑÞÉ ÃÚÏÊ ãä ÃÌá åÐÇ ÇáÊÞÑíÑ. |
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"áÇ ÊæÌÏ ÊäãíÉ ÇÞÊÕÇÏíÉ ÈÏæä ÊÍÖÑ. æÞÏ íßæä ÊÃËíÑ ÇáãÍÇæáÇÊ ÇáÑÇãíÉ Åáì ßÈÍ ÇáÊÍÖÑ ÓíÆÇð Úáì ÇáÊäãíÉ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏíÉ". - Tannerfeldt, G., and P. Ljung. 2006. More Urban, Less Poor: an Introduction to Urban Development and Management¡ Õ 29. áäÏä: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and Earthscan. |
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ÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí. 2000. Cities in Transition: World Bank Urban and Local Government Strategy¡ ÇáÕÝÍÊÇä 36 æ 37. æÇÔäØä ÇáÚÇÕãÉ: ÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí. |
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ãæÆá ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ 2006. ÍÇáÉ ãÏä ÇáÚÇáã 2006/2007: ÇáÃåÏÇÝ ÇáÅäãÇÆíÉ ááÃáÝíÉ æÇáÇÓÊÏÇãÉ ÇáÍÖÑíÉ¡ Õ 16. áäÏä: Earthscan. |
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Ýí ÚÇã 1996¡ ßÇäÊ áÏì äÓÈÉ ÞÏÑåÇ 51 Ýí ÇáãÇÆÉ ãä ÇáÈáÏÇä ÇáäÇãíÉ ÓíÇÓÇÊ ááÍÏ ãä ÇáåÌÑÉ Åáì ÇáÊÌãÚÇÊ ÇáÍÖÑíɺ æÞÏ ÇÑÊÝÚÊ åÐå ÇáäÓÈÉ Åáì 73 Ýí ÇáãÇÆÉ Ýí ÚÇã 2005. ÇäÙÑ: ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ. 2006È. World Population Policies 2005 (ST/ESA/SER.A/254). äíæíæÑß: ÔÚÈÉ ÇáÓßÇä¡ ÅÏÇÑÉ ÇáÔÄæä ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏíÉ æÇáÇÌÊãÇÚíÉ¡ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ. |
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ãÔÑæÚ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ááÃáÝíÉ. 2005. ÇáÇÓÊËãÇÑ Ýí ÇáÊäãíÉ: ÎØÉ ÚãáíÉ áÊÍÞíÞ ÇáÃåÏÇÝ ÇáÅäãÇÆíÉ ááÃáÝíÉ¡ Õ xix. ÊÞÑíÑ ãÞÏã Åáì ÇáÃãíä ÇáÚÇã ááÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ. London and Sterling, Virginia: Earthscan. |
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Carolini, G. 2006. "ÇáãäÙãÇÊ ÇáãÌÊãÚíÉ ááÝÞÑÇÁ ÇáÍÖÑííä: ÊÍÞíÞ ÇáÃåÏÇÝ ÇáÅäãÇÆíÉ ááÃáÝíÉ æÇáÊÎØíØ ááäãæ ÇáÓßÇäí ÇáÍÖÑí"¡ Õ 1. ãÔÑæÚ æÑÞÉ ÃÚÏÊ ãä ÃÌá ÇáÊÞÑíÑ. |
| 9- |
ãä ÇáÌÏíÑ ÈÇáÐßÑ Ãä ßËÑÉ ãä ãäÙãÇÊ ÇáÞÇÚÏÉ ÇáÔÚÈíÉ ÞÇãÊ ÈÊÔßíáåÇ äÓÇÁ ÍÖÑíÇÊ ÝÞíÑÇÊ æÊØæÑÊ ÝÃÕÈÍÊ ÊãËá ÃÓÇÓ ÍÑßÇÊ ÇÌÊãÇÚíÉ ÍÖÑíÉ ßÈíÑÉ. |
| 10- |
Ýí ÍÇáÇÊ ÚÏíÏÉ íÔíÑ åÐÇ ÇáÊÞÑíÑ Åáì ÊÍíÒ æÇÖÚí ÇáÓíÇÓÇÊ ÖÏ ÇáÍÖÑ. æÞÏ íÓÈÈ Ðáß ÞÏÑÇð ãä ÇáÈáÈáÉ ÈÇáäÓÈÉ áãä åã íÚÑÝæä ãÝåæã "ÇáÊÍíÒ ÇáÍÖÑí" ÇáÐí íÓÊÎÏãå ÈÚÖ ÎÈÑÇÁ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏ Ýí ãÍÇæáÉ ãäåã áÊÝÓíÑ ÇáÓÈÈ ÇáÐí íÌÚá ÇáãäÇØÞ ÇáÑíÝíÉ ÊÙá ÝÞíÑÉ. æáßä ãÕØáÍ "ÇáÊÍíÒ ÖÏ ÇáÍÖÑ" ÇáãÓÊÎÏã åäÇ ßÕíÛÉ ãÎÊÒáÉ íÔíÑ ÈÈÓÇØÉ Åáì ãÚÇÑÖÉ ÇáãÎØØíä ææÇÖÚí ÇáÓíÇÓÇÊ áäãæ ÇáãÏä ÇáÏíãÛÑÇÝí æÅáì ÇáØÑÇÆÞ ÇáßËíÑÉ ÇáÊí íÍÇæáæä ÈåÇ ãäÚ Ðáß Çáäãæ Ãæ ÊÃÎíÑå. æãä Ëã ÝÅä ÇáãÝåæãíä áÇ íæÌÏ ÈíäåãÇ ÇÑÊÈÇØ æáíÓÇ ãÊÖÇÏíä ÈÔßá ãÈÇÔÑ. |
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du Plessis, J. 2005. “The Growing Problem of Forced Evictions and the Crucial Importance of Community-based, Locally Appropriate Alternatives.” Environment and Urbanization 17(1): 123-134. |
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ÇäÙÑ: Montgomery, M. R.¡ æÂÎÑæä. ÇáÝÑíÞ ÇáãÚäí ÈÇáÚæÇãá ÇáÏíäÇãíÉ ÇáÍÖÑíÉ¡ ÇáãÌáÓ ÇáÞæãí ááÈÍæË (ÇáãÍÑÑæä). 2003. Cities Transformed: Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World¡ ÇáÕÝÍÊÇä 176 æ 177. æÇÔäØä ÇáÚÇÕãÉ: ãØÈÚÉ ÇáÃßÇÏíãíÇÊ ÇáæØíäɺ æ Rodriguez, J., and G. Martine. 2006¡ ÇáÕÝÍÊÇä 10 æ 11. |
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ÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí. 2000¡ Õ 2. |
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åÐå åí ÇáÍÇáÉ¡ ãËáÇð¡ Ýí äíÈÇá. ÝäÓÈÉ áÇ ÊÊÌÇæÒ 17 Ýí ÇáãÇÆÉ ãä ÓßÇä ÇáÈáÏ ÇáÈÇáÛ ãÌãæÚåã 28 ãáíæäÇð ÊÚíÔ Ýí ÇáãäÇØÞ ÇáÍÖÑíÉ. ÅáÇ Ãä ÊÂáÝ ÚÇãá ÇáÝÞÑ æÇäÚÏÇã ÇáÇÓÊÞÑÇÑ ÇáÓíÇÓí íÄÏí Åáì ÊÖÎøã ÃÚÏÇÏ ÇáãåÇÌÑíä ãä ÇáÑíÝ Åáì ÇáÍÖÑ¡ æíÔßá æÖÚÇð ÕÚÈÇð Ýí ÇáãäÇØÞ ÇáÚÔæÇÆíÉ ÇáÍÖÑíÉ. æäíÈÇá ÂÎÐÉ Ýí ÇáÊÍÖÑ ÈÓÑÚÉ ßÈíÑÉ¡ ÈãÚÏá Óäæí ÈáÛ Ýí ÇáãÊæÓØ 6.65 Ýí ÇáãÇÆÉ Ýí ÇáÝÊÑÉ 1991 – 2001 ÇáÝÇÕáÉ Èíä ÅÍÕÇÁíä ÓßÇäííä. æÞÏ äÌãÊ ãÚÙã ÇáÒíÇÏÉ Úä ÇáåÌÑÉ ãä ÇáÑíÝ Åáì ÇáÍÖÑ¡ ÇáÊí ÇÔÊÏÊ ßËÇÝÊåÇ ÈÝÚá ÕÑÇÚ ÏÇã 11 ÚÇãÇð¡ æßÇäÊ åÌÑÉ Úáì æÌå ÇáÎÕæÕ Åáì ãäØÞÉ ÊíÑÇí ÇáÌäæÈíÉ æÅáì ãäÇØÞ ßÇÊãÇäÏæ ÇáÚÔæÇÆíÉ ÇáÝÞíÑÉ. æáÇ íæÌÏ ÓÌá ÑÓãí áÃÚÏÇÏ ÇáÃÔÎÇÕ ÇáãÔÑÏíä ÏÇÎáíÇð Ýí ÇáÈáÏ¡ æáßä ÇáÊÞÏíÑÇÊ ÊÊÑÇæÍ ãä 000 200 Åáì 000 500 ÔÎÕ. (ÇáãÕÏÑ: ÇáãßÊÈ ÇáÞØÑí áÕäÏæÞ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ááÓßÇä Ýí äíÈÇá. ßÇäæä ÇáÃæá/ÏíÓãÈÑ 2006. ÇÊÕÇá ÔÎÕíº æÌÏÇæá ÍÇÓæÈíÉ æÇÑÏÉ ãä ÔÚÈÉ ÇáÓßÇä ÈÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ). |
| 15- |
The most constructive way of looking at the productive interlinkages among urban and rural areas may be as a virtuous circle, whereby access to (urban) markets and services for non-farm production stimulates agricultural productivity and rural incomes, which in turn generate demand and labour supply for more such goods and services. The circle provides multiple entry points, and opportunities should be seized where they appear.” — Kessides, C. 2006. The Urban Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction, p. xvii. . ÓáÓáÉ æÑÞÇÊ ÇáÚãá ÇáÎÇÕÉ ÈãäØÞÉ ÃÝÑíÞíÇ. ÇáÑÞã 97. æÇÔäØä ÇáÚÇÕãÉ: ÊÍÇáÝ ÇáãÏä. |
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Angel, S., S. C. Sheppard, and D. L. Civco. 2005. The Dynamics of Global Urban Expansion¡ Õ 91. æÇÔäØä ÇáÚÇÕãÉ: ÅÏÇÑÉ ÇáäÞá æÇáÊäãíÉ ÇáÍÖÑíÉ¡ ÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí. |
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Hardoy, J. E., D. Mitlin, and D. Satterthwaite. 1992. Environmental Problems in Third World Cities¡ Õ 34. áäÏä: ãäÔæÑÇÊ Earthscan. |
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ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ. 1995. ÇáÓßÇä æÇáÊäãíÉ¡ ÇáãÌáÏ ÇáÃæá: ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáÚãá ÇáãÚÊãÏ Ýí ÇáãÄÊãÑ ÇáÏæáí ááÓßÇä æÇáÊäãíÉ: ÇáÞÇåÑÉ: 5 – 13 Ãíáæá/ÓÈÊãÈÑ 1994¡ ÇáÝÞÑÉ 9 – 1. äíæíæÑß: ÅÏÇÑÉ ÇáãÚáæãÇÊ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏíÉ æÇáÇÌÊãÇÚíÉ æÊÍáíá ÇáÓíÇÓÇÊ¡ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ. |
| 19- |
ãä Ëã¡ ÃËíÑÊ ãÓÃáÉ Ãä ÇáÛÇíÉ 11 ãä ÇáÃåÏÇÝ ÇáÅäãÇÆíÉ ááÃáÝíÉ Ü æåí ÊÍÓíä ÍíÇÉ ãÇ áÇ íÞá 100 ãáíæä ãä ÓÇßäí ÇáÃÍíÇÁ ÇáÝÞíÑÉ ÈÍáæá ÓäÉ 2020 Ü ÑÄí ÚãæãÇð ÃäåÇ ãä ÇáÓåá äÓÈíÇð ÊÍÞíÞåÇ¡ Úáì ÇáÇÎÊáÇÝ ãä ÈÚÖ ÇáÛÇíÇÊ ÇáÃÎÑì ááÃåÏÇÝ ÇáÅäãÇÆíÉ ááÃáÝíÉ. æåÐÇ ÇáÊÝÇÄá¡ ÈÇáÅÖÇÝÉ Åáì ÇäÎÝÇÖ ÇáÛÇíÉ ÇäÎÝÇÖÇð ÛÑíÈÇð "... åæ ÊÌÓÏ áÊÒÇíÏ ÇáÇÚÊÑÇÝ ÈÇáÊÍÓíäÇÊ ÇáäÇÌÍÉ ÇáÊí ÊÍÞÞÊ Úä ØÑíÞ ÇáãÔÇÑíÚ ÇáÊÔÇÑßíÉ æÇáÊí ÊäÝÐ ÈÞíÇÏÉ ãÍáíÉ Ýí ÇáÃÍíÇÁ ÇáÚÔæÇÆíÉ ÇáÝÞíÑÉ¡ æÊÌÓíÏ áÊæËíÞ Êáß ÇáÊÍÓíäÇÊ". Ü . Carolini 2006 Õ 1. |
| 20- |
Tannerfeldt, G., and P. Ljung. 2006¡ Õ 97. |
| 21- |
ãä ÇáÔÇÆÚ Ýí ÇáÈáÏÇä ÇáäÇãíÉ ÈÇáäÓÈÉ áÈÇÆÚí ÇáÔæÇÑÚ Ãä íÈíÚæÇ ÇáÓÌÇÆÑ ãÝÑÏÉ ÈÓÚÑ ÃÚáì ãä ÓÚÑ æÍÏÊåÇ ÅÐÇ ÈíÚÊ ÈÇáÚáÈÉ. æíÏÝÚ ÇáÝÞÑÇÁ ËãäÇð ÃÚáì ãÞÇÈá ßá æÍÏÉ íÓÊÎÏãæäåÇ ãä ÇáãíÇå æÇáæÞæÏ æÛíÑåãÇ ãä ÇáÖÑæÑíÇÊ ÇáÃÎÑì áÃäåã íÔÊÑæä ßãíÇÊ ÕÛíÑÉ ÝÞØ ãäåÇ. ßÐáß¡ íäÌã ÚÇÏÉ Úä ÊßííÝ ÍÌã ÞØÚ ÇáÃÑÇÖí ÍÓÈ ÇáÞÏÑÉ ÇáÔÑÇÆíÉ ááÝÞÑÇÁ ÇÑÊÝÇÚ ÇáÃÓÚÇÑ ãÞÇÈá ßá ãÊÑ ãÑÈÚ. ÇäÙÑ: Smolka, M., and A. Larangeira. 2006. “Informality and Poverty in Latin American Urban Policy”. ãÔÑæÚ æÑÞÉ ÃÚÏÊ ãä ÃÌá åÐÇ ÇáÊÞÑíÑ. |
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ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ. 26 ÊÔÑíä ÇáÃæá/ÃßÊæÈÑ 2006. ÑÆíÓ ÇáãæÆá íÎÈÑ ÇááÌäÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ ÈÇáÍÇÌÉ ÇáãÎíãÉ Åáì Êãæíá áÑåæäÇÊ íßæä Ýí ÕÇáÍ ÇáÝÞÑÇÁ ÈÇáäÙÑ Åáì ÊåÏíÏ ÇáÝÞÑ áãÓÊæíÇÊ ÇáãÚíÔÉ Ýí ãÏä ÇáÚÇáã"(GA/EF/3160) ¡ ÇáÕÝÍÊÇä 3 æ 4. äÔÑÉ ÕÍÝíÉ. äíæíæÑß: ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ. |
| 23- |
“In many countries, the planning horizons of politicians are too short to engage in longer-term planning and preparation for orderly urban expansion.”— Angel, Sheppard, and Civco 2005¡ Õ 101. |
| 24- |
ßËíÑÇð ãÇ íõÝÊÑÖ ÎØà Ãä ãÚÙã ÝÞÑÇÁ ÇáÍÖÑ æÃæáÆß ÇáÐíä íÚíÔæä Ýí ÇáãÓÊÞØäÇÊ ÛíÑ ÇáÞÇäæäíÉ åã ãåÇÌÑæä ãä ÇáÑíÝ¡ æÃäåã ãÍÑæãæä ãä ÍÞ ÇáÊÕæíÊ. |
| 25- |
ááÇØáÇÚ Úáì ãäÇÞÔÉ ÈÔÃä ßíÝíÉ ÍÏæË åÐå ÇáÚãáíÇÊ Ýí ÈÑÇÒíáíÇ¡ ÇäÙÑ¡ ãËáÇð: Acioly, Jr., C. C. 1994. “Incremental Land Development in Brasilia: Can the Urban Poor Escape from Suburbanization?” Third World Planning Review 16(3): 243-261; and Aubertin, C. 1992. “Le droit au logement: enjeu démocratique ou instrument du clientélisme: L’exemple de Brasilia: District federal.” Cahiers des Sciences Humaines 28(3) : 461-479. |
| 26- |
ÈåÐÇ ÇáãÚäì¡ íÌÑí ÍÇáíÇð ÈÐá ÌåÏ ÇÓÊËäÇÆí áÊäÙíã æÊØåíÑ ÃÓæÇÞ ÇáÃÑÇÖí Ýí ÅÓÈÇäíÇ¡ ÍíË íÌÑí ÝÍÕ ÓÌáÇÊ ÇáÃÑÇÖí ÇáÊí ÊÑÌÚ Åáì ÓÈÚÉ ÃÚæÇã æíÌÑí ÊæÌíå ÇÊåÇãÇÊ Åáì ÚÏÏ ãä ÇáÔÎÕíÇÊ ÐÇÊ ÇáäÝæÐ áÇÑÊßÇÈåÇ ÇáãÒÚæã áãÎÇáÝÇÊ ÝíãÇ íÊÚáÞ ÈãÚÇãáÇÊ ÇáÃÑÇÖí. (ÇäÙÑ: “Dos nuevos arrestados en la Operación Malaya.”. 6 ÔÈÇØ/ÝÈÑÇíÑ 2007. El Pais. ÇáãæÞÚ Úáì ÇáÅäÊÑäÊ:
http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/nuevos/arrestados/Operacion/
Malaya/elpepuesp/20070206elpepunac_7/Tes. ÈÇáÑÌæÚ Åáíå Ýí 6 ÔÈÇØ/ÝÈÑÇíÑ 2007). æåÐÇ íÊÒÇãä ãÚ ÍÑßÉ ãÏäíÉ ÊÑãí Åáì ÇáÏÚæÉ Åáì ÊæÝíÑ ÅÓßÇä ãíÓæÑ ÇáÊßáÝÉ ááÌãíÚ. æåÐÇ ÇáäæÚ ãä ÇáãÈÇÏÑÇÊ ßÇä íÊÚíä ÊäÝíÐå Úáì äØÇÞ æÇÓÚ Ýí ÇáÈáÏÇä ÇáäÇãíÉ ßÌÒÁ ãä ÇÓÊÑÇÊíÌíÉ áÊäÙíã ÃÓæÇÞ ÇáÃÑÇÖí.
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| 27- |
ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ. 2006. ÊäÝíÐ äÊÇÆÌ ãÄÊãÑ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ÇáãÚäí ÈÇáãÓÊæØäÇÊ ÇáÈÔÑíÉ (ÇáãæÆá ÇáËÇäí) æÊÚÒíÒ ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ááãÓÊæØäÇÊ ÇáÈÔÑíÉ (ãæÆá ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ): ÊÞÑíÑ ÇáÃãíä ÇáÚÇã (A/61/262) ¡ Õ 5. äíæíæÑß: ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ. |
| 28- |
Angel, S., S. C. Sheppard, and D. L. Civco. 2005. |
| 29- |
ÇáãÑÌÚ äÝÓå¡ Õ 102. |
