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Notes
1 Save the Children. 2001. Behind Every
Healthy Child is a Healthy Mother. Rapport
du Symposium on the Linkages Between
Maternal Health, Family Planning, and
Child Survival. Washington, D.C.,
24 juillet 2001. Site Web: www.savethechildren.org/
publications/reproductive_health.pdf,
consulté pour la dernière fois le 7 mai 2004.
2 OMS, UNICEF et UNFPA. 2003. Mortalité
maternelle en 2000: Évaluations de l’OMS,
de l’UNICEF et de l’UNFPA. Genève: OMS.
3 Safe Motherhood Initiative. 2003. Site
Web: http://www.safemotherhood.org,
consulté le 22 février 2004. La large fourchette qui va de 30 à 50 s’explique
par les difficultés de définir et mesurer la
morbidité maternelle. Il est courant que
l’affection ne soit pas signalée dans tous
les cas, soit mal classée ou non reconnue
en raison des facteurs sociaux et culturels,
de son caractère et des ressources
disponibles pour l’évaluer.
4 ONU. 1995. Population et développement,
vol. 1: Programme d’action adopté à la
Conférence internationale sur la population
et le développement: Le Caire: 5-13 septembre
1994, paragraphe 8.22. New York:
Département de l’information économique
et sociale et de l’analyse des politiques,
ONU.
5 L. Freedman et al. 2004. “Rapport intérimaire
de l’Équipe de travail 4 sur la santé
infantile et la santé maternelle”, p. 54.
New York: Projet du Millénaire.
6 J. Liljestrand. 2000. “Strategies to Reduce
Maternal Mortality Worldwide.” Current
Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology
12(6): 513-517.
7 A. Starrs. 1998. The Safe Motherhood
Action Agenda: Priorities for the Next
Decade, p. 9. New York: Family Care
International.
8 Liljestrand. 2000.
9 UNFPA. 2004a. Saving Mothers’ Lives: The
Challenge Continues. Brochure. New York:
UNFPA.
10 ONU. 1999. Principales mesures pour la
poursuite de l’application du Programme
d’action de la Conférence internationale
sur la population et le développement
(A/S-21/5/Add.1), paragraphes 62 a)
et 62 b). New York: ONU.
11 ONU. 2004. Examen et évaluation des progrès
accomplis dans la réalisation des buts
et objectifs du Programme d’action de la
Conférence internationale sur la population
et le développement: Rapport du Secrétaire
général (E/CN.9/2004/3). New York:
ONU.
12 OMS. 2003a. International Statistical
Classification of Disease and Related Health
Problems, 10e rév. Genève: OMS.
13 D. Maine et T. McGinn. 1999. “Maternal
Mortality and Morbidity.” Ch. 31 de:
Women and Health, édité par M. Goldman
et M. Hatch. 1999. San Diego, Californie:
Academic Press.
14 OMS, UNICEF et UNFPA 2003.
15 W. Graham et al. 2004. “The Familial
Technique for Linking Maternal Death
with Poverty.” The Lancet 363(9402):
23-27.
16 A. E. Kunst et T. Houweling, “A Global
Picture of Poor-rich Differences in the
Utilisation of Delivery Care.” Pp. 297-315
de: Safe Motherhood Strategies: A Review
of the Evidence, par V. De Brouwere et
W.Van Lerberghe. 2001. Studies in Health Services Organisation and Policy Series.
No 17. Anvers: ITG Press.
17 OMS. 2004. Communication personnelle
concernant les publications à paraître.
18 Maine et McGinn 1999.
19 J. Fortney et J. Smith. 1996. The Base of
the Iceberg: Prevalence and Perceptions of
Maternal Morbidity in Four Developing
Countries. Research Triangle Park,
Caroline du Nord: Maternal and
Neonatal Health Center, Family
Health International.
20 F. Donnay et L. Weil. 2004. “Obstetric
Fistula: The International Response.”
The Lancet 363(9402): 71-72.
21 J. Gay et al. 2003. What Works: A Policy
et Program Guide to the Evidence on Family
Planning, Safe Motherhood, and
STI/HIV/AIDS Interventions: Module 1:
Safe Motherhood. Washington, D.C.:
The POLICY Project.
22 Saving Mother’s Lives: What Works: Field
Guide for Implementing Best Practices in
Safe Motherhood. 2002. Washington,
D.C.: The White Ribbon Alliance for
Safe Motherhood/India.
23 Global Health Council. 2002. Promises to
Keep: The Toll of Unintended Pregnancies
on Women’s Lives in the Developing World.
Washington, D.C.: Global Health Council.
24 OMS, UNICEF et UNFPA 2003.
25 Ibid.
26 J. Fortney et J. Smith. 1997. “Measuring
Maternal Morbidity.” Pp. 43-50 de : Safe
Motherhood Initiatives: Critical Issues, édité
par M. Berer et T. K. S. Ravindran. 1999.
Oxford, Royaume-Uni: Blackwell Science
for Reproductive Health Matters.
27 UNFPA. 2004b. Investing in People:
National Progress in Implementing the ICPD
Programme of Action 1994-2004, p. 46.
New York: UNFPA.
28 I. Pathmanathan et al. 2003. Investing in
Maternal Health: Learning from Malaysia
and Sri Lanka. Human Development
Network. Health, Nutrition and
Population Discussion Paper.
Washington D.C.: Banque mondiale.
29 Ibid.
30 UNFPA 2004b, p. 45.
31 Matériels fournis par la Division de
l’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes,
de l’UNFPA.
32 OMS et UNICEF. 2003. Antenatal Care
in Developing Countries: Promises,
Achievements and Missed Opportunities :
An Analysis of Trends, Levels, and
Differentials: 1990-2001. Genève et
New York: OMS et UNICEF.
33 J. Liljestrand. 1999. “Commentary:
Reducing Perinatal and Maternal Mortality in the World: The Major
Challenges.” British Journal of Obstetrics
and Gynaecology 106(9): 877-880.
34 UNFPA 2004b, p. 46.
35 W. Graham, J. S. Bell et H. W. Bullough.
2001. “Can Skilled Attendance at
Delivery Reduce Maternal Mortality in
Developing Countries?” Pp. 97-129 de:
Safe Motherhood Strategies: A Review of
the Evidence, par V. De Brouwere et
W.Van Lerberghe. 2001. Studies in Health
Services Organisation and Policy Series.
No 17. Anvers: ITG Press.
36 Comme les pays appliquent des définitions
différentes concernant la formation
et l’homologation des sages-femmes, il
est difficile d’interpréter les données relatives
à l’effet d’une assistance qualifiée
lors de l’accouchement.
37 OMS, UNFPA, UNICEF et Banque
mondiale. 1999. Reduction of Maternal
Mortality: A Joint OMS/UNFPA/UNICEF/
World Bank Statement. Genève: OMS.
38 F. G. Cunningham et al. 1993. Williams
Obstetrics, 19e édition. Norwalk,
Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
Cité dans: “Background Paper of the
Millennium Project Task Force on
Child Health and Maternal Health”, par
L. Freedman et al. 2003. New York:
Projet du Millénaire.
39 Graham, Bell et Bullough. 2001.
40 UNFPA 2004b, p. 45.
41 UNICEF, OMS et UNFPA. 1997. Guidelines
for Monitoring and Availability and Use of
Obstetric Services. New York: UNICEF.
42 Averting Maternal Death and Disability
(AMDD). 2003. AMDD Notebook, p. 7.
No. 8. New York: Averting Maternal
Death and Disability, Mailman School
of Public Health, Université Columbia.
43 UNFPA 2004b, p. 46.
44 UNFPA 2004a.
45 A. Cholil, M. B. Iskandar et R. Sciortino.
1998. The Life Saver: The Mother Friendly
Movement in Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonésie:
Ministère d’État du rôle des femmes et
Fondation Ford.
46 A. B. Lalonde et al. 2003. “Averting
Maternal Death et Disability: The FIGO
Save the Mothers Initiative: The Uganda-
Canada Collaboration.” International
Journal of Gynecology et Obstetrics
80(2): 204-212.
47 OMS. 2003b.
48 UNICEF, OMS et UNFPA 1997.
49 ONU 1995, paragraphe 8.25.
50 Voir: K. Hardee et al. A paraître. What
Works: A Policy and Program Guide to
the Evidence on Family Planning, Safe
Motherhood, and STI/HIV/AIDS Interventions: Module 2: Postabortion Care.
Washington, D.C. et Baltimore, Maryland:
POLICY Project, the Futures Group;
FRONTIERS Program, the Population
Council; et INFO Project, Center for
Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health.
51 “Appendix E: Postabortion Care in Kenya:
Case Study.” p. 12 de: Global Evaluation of
USAID’s Postabortion Care Program”, par
L Cobb et al. 2001. Washington, D.C.:
Poptech.
52 Postabortion Care Consortium
Community Task Force. 2002. “Essential
Elements of Postabortion Care: An
Expanded and Updated Model.” PAC in
Action, No. 2. Supplément spécial.
53 D. Billings, J. Fuentes Velásquez et
R. Pérez-Cuevas. 2003. “Comparing the
Quality of Three Models of Postabortion
Care in Public Hospitals in Mexico City.”
International Family Planning Perspectives
29(3): 112-120; B. Johnson et al. 2002.
“Reducing Unplanned Pregnancy et
Abortion in Zimbabwe through
Postabortion Contraception.” Studies
in Family Planning 33(2): 195-202;
R. Medina et al. 2001. Expansion of
Postpartum/Postabortion Contraception
in Honduras. FRONTIERS Program Final
Report. Washington, D.C.: The Population
Council; et V. Lema et V. Mpanga. 2000.
“Post-abortion Contraceptive
Acceptability in Blantyre, Malawi.” East
African Medical Journal 77(9): 488-493.
54 D. Huntington et L. Nawar. 2003.
“Moving from Research to Program: The
Egyptian Postabortion Care Initiative.”
International Family Planning Perspectives
29(3): 121-125.
55 A. Megied et A. Hassan. 2003.
“Decentralization of Post-abortion Care
to District Hospitals and Rural Health
Units.” Communication présentée au 17e
Congrès mondial de gynécologie et d’obstétrique
de la Fédération internationale
de gynécologie et d’obstétrique (FIGO),
Santiago, Chili, 2-7 novembre 2003.
56 T. T. Htay, J. Sauvarin et S. Khan. 2003.
“Integration of Post-Abortion Care: The
Role of Township Medical Officers and
Midwives in Mynamar.” Reproductive
Health Matters 11(21): 27-36.
57 H. Gebreselassie et T. Fetters. 2002.
Responding to Unsafe Abortion in Ethiopia:
A Facility-based Assessment of Postabortion
Care Services in Public Health Sector
Facilities in Ethiopia. Chapel Hill, Caroline
du Nord: Ipas.
58 J. Solo et al. 1998. “Creating Linkages
Between Incomplete Abortion Treatment
and Family Planning Services in Kenya:
What Works Best.» Operations Research
Technical Assistance Africa Project II.
Communication présentée à la réunion
mondiale sur le thème Advances and
Challenges in Postabortion Care
Operations Research. New York:
The Population Council.
59 The Population Council. 2000. Meeting
Women’s Health Care Needs After Abortion.
Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program
Brief. No. 1. Washington, D.C.: Frontiers
in Reproductive Health, the Population
Council.
60 S. Settergren et al. 1999. Community
Perspectives on Unsafe Abortion et
Postabortion Care: Bulawayo and Hwange
Districts, Zimbabwe. Washington, D.C.:
POLICY Project, the Futures Group
International.
61 Voir: J. Gay et al., 2003.
62 R. Castro et al. 2000. “A Study of
Maternal Mortality in Mexico Through a
Qualitative Approach.” Journal of Women’s
Health and Gender-Based Medicine 9(6):
679-690.
63 G. Seone, V. Kaune et V. Cordova. 1996.
Diagnostico: Barreras y Viabilizadores en la
Atencion de Complicaciones Obstetricas y
Neonatales. La Paz, Bolivie: MotherCare
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64 E. Kempe et al. 1994. The Quality of
Maternal et Neonatal Services in Yemen:
Seen Through Women’s Eyes. Stockholm:
Save the Children Sweden.
65 UNFPA 2004b, p. 46.
66 JHPIEGO, Save the Children et Family
Care International. 2003. Shaping Policy
for Maternal and Newborn Health: A
Compendium of Case Studies. Baltimore,
Maryland: Maternal and Neonatal Health
Project, JHPIEGO; et J. Gay et al., 2003.
67 J. Mercer. 2000. “Family-Centered
Maternity Care in Moldova.” Dans:
MotherCare’s Initiatives: Actions and Results
of 31 Projects: 1993-2000, édité par
S. Jessop et al. Arlington, Virginie:
John Snow International.
68 P. Glatleider, P. Paluzzi et C. Conroy.
2000. “Changing the Way Maternity
Care Is Delivered in the Ukraine.” Dans:
MotherCare’s Initiatives: Actions and Results
of 31 Project, 1993-2000, édité par
S. Jessop et al. Arlington, Virginie:
John Snow International.
69 MotherCare/SEATS. 2000.
“MotherCare/SEATS, JSI Collaborative
Project in Novosibirsk and Primorsky Krai,
Russia”. Dans: MotherCare’s Initiatives:
Actions and Results of 31 Projects: 1993-2000,
édité par S. Jessop et al. Arlington,
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70 L. Campero et al. 1998. “‘Alone I Wouldn’t
Have Known What To Do’: A Qualitative
Study on Social Support During Labor and
Delivery in Mexico.” Social Science and
Medicine 47(3): 395-403; et A. Langer
et al. 1993. “The Latin American Trial of
Psychosocial Support During Pregnancy:
A Social Intervention Evaluated Through
an Experimental Design.” Social Science
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71 M. W. Carter. 2002. “‘Because He Loves
Me’: Husbands’ Involvement in Maternal
Health in Rural Guatemala.” Culture,
Health, and Sexuality 4(3): 259-279
72 N. Abdel-Tawab et al. 2002. “Recovery
from Abortion and Miscarriage in Egypt:
Does Counseling Husbands Help?” Ch. 10
de: Responding to Cairo: Case Studies of
Changing Practice in Reproductive Health
and Family Planning, édité par
N. Haberland et D. Measham. 2002.
New York: The Population Council.
73 Program for Appropriate Technology in
Health. 2002. “Men and Reproductive
Health Programme Examples: India:
Nandesari.” Site web The Reproductive
Health Outlook: www.rho.org/html/
menrh_progexamples.htm#india-nandesari,
consulté pour la dernière fois le 3 mai
2004; et S. Raju et A. Leonard. 2000.
Men as Supportive Partners in Reproductive
Health: Moving from Rhetoric to Reality,
pp. 46-47, 52. New Delhi: South and East
Asia Regional Office, the Population
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74 UNFPA. 2003. Maternal Mortality Update
2002: A Focus on Emergency Obstetric
Care, pp. 17-34. New York: UNFPA.
75 UNFPA 2004a.
76 UNFPA 2004b, p. 46; et UNFPA 2004a.
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