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Notes
1.1 Wade, R. H. 2001. "The Rising Inequality
of World Income Distribution." 38(4).
2. Ibid
3. Ibid
4. Sen, A. 1999. Development as Freedom.
Oxford University Press
5. (Adjusted for purchasing power parity.)
NDP. 2001. Human Development Report
2001: Making New Technologies Work for
Human Development. New York: Oxford
University Press.
6. Strauss, J. A., and D. Thomas. 1995. "Human
Resources: Empirical Modeling of Household
and Family Decisions." Ch. 34 in: Handbook
of Development Economics, vol. 3A, edited
by T. N. Srinivasan and J. Behrman. 1995.
Amsterdam: North Holland.
7. Gallup, J. L., and J. D. Sachs. 2000. "The
Economic Burden of Malaria." CID Working
Paper. No. 52. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Center for International Development,
Harvard University.
8. Jamison, D. T., L. J. Lau, and J. Wang. 1998.
"Health's Contribution to Economic Growth,
1965-90." Pp. 1-80 in: Health, Health Policy,
and Economic Outcomes. Health and
Development Satellite. Final Report. Geneva:
Director-General's Transition Team, WHO.
9. UNDP. 2000. Human Development Report
2000: Human Rights and Human Development.
New York: Oxford niversity Press.
10. The World Bank. 2001. Engendering
Development: Through Gender Equality in
Rights, Resources, and Voice. World Bank
Policy Research Report. New York: Oxford
University Press.
11. Williamson, J. 2001. "Demographic Change,
Economic Growth and Inequality." Ch. 5 in:
Population Matters: Demographic Change,
Economic Growth, and Poverty in the
Developing World, edited by N. Birdsall, A. C.
Kelley, and S. W. Sinding. 2001. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
12. Birdsall, N. 2001. "New Findings in
Economics and Demography: Implications
for Policies to Reduce Poverty." Ch. 14 in:
Birdsall, Kelley, and Sinding 2001.
13. Merrick, T. 2001. "Population and Poverty in
Households: A Review of Reviews," Ch. 8 in:
Birdsall, Kelley, and Sinding 2001.
14. Paes de Barros, R., et al.. 2001. "Demographic
Changes and Poverty in Brazil." Ch. 11 in:
Birdsall, Kelley, and Sinding 2001.
15. Thus, practices governing provison of credit
are likely to favour higher income applicants;
institutions like banks, credit unions, even
agricultural extension services are often
located for ease of access by more prosperous
clients, who can travel outside walking
range.
16. Ravallion, M. 1994. Poverty Comparisons.
Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic
Publishers; Foster, J., J. Greer, and E.
Thorbecke. 1984. "A Class of Decomposable
Poverty Measures." Econometrica 52(3):
761-766; Moser, C., M. Gatehouse, and
H. Garcia. 1996. Urban Poverty Research
Sourcebook: Module I: Sub-City Level
Household Survey. United Nations Development
Programme/United Nations Centre
for Human Settlements (Habitat)/World
Bank Urban Management Programme, MP
Working Paper Series. No. 5. Washington,
D.C.: The World Bank; and Streeten, P. 1994.
"Poverty Concept and Measurement." Pp. 15-
30 in: Poverty Monitoring: An International
Concern, edited by R. van der Hoeven and
R. Anker. 1994. New York: St. Martin's Press.
17. Bilsborrow, R. 1994. "Towards a Rapid
Assessment of Poverty." Pp. 150-158 in: van
der Hoeven and Anker 1994.
18. Hatch, J., and L. Frederick. 1998. "Poverty
Assessment by Microfinance Institutions: A
Review of Current Practice." Micro-Enterprise
Best Practices Project. Bethesda, Maryland:
Development Alternatives, Inc.; Chung, K., et
al. 1997. "Identifying the Food Insecure: The
Application of Mixed-Method Approaches in
India." Washington, D.C.: International Food
Policy Research Institute; Filmer, D., and L.
Pritchett. 1998. Estimating Wealth Effects
Without Income or Expenditure Data: Or
Tears: With an Application to Educational
Enrollment in India. Policy Research Working
Paper. No. 1994. Washington, D.C.:
Development Economics Research Group,
the World Bank; and Filmer, D., and L.
Pritchett. 1999. "The Effect of Household
Wealth on Educational Attainment: Evidence
from 35 Countries." Population and
Development Review 25(1): 85-120.
19. Grootaert, C. 1983. "The Conceptual Basis
of Measures of Household Welfare and Their
Implied Survey Data Requirements." The
Review of Income and Wealth. Series 29(1):
1-21; and Grootaert, C. 1988. Measuring
and Analyzing Levels of Living in Developing
Countries: An Annotated Questionnaire.
Living Standards Measurement Study
Working Paper. No. 24. Washington, D.C.:
The World Bank.
20. Bilsborrow 1994; Boltvinik, J. 1994. "Poverty
Measurement and Alternative Indicators
of Development." Pp. 57-83 in: van der
Hoeven and Anker 1994; and Hatch and
Frederick 1998.
21. See also: Chung, et al. 1997
22. Ibid.
23. Hatch and Frederick 1998.
24. Zeller, M., et al. 2001. "An Operatinal Tool
for Evaluating Poverty Outreach of Development Policies and Projects."
Food Consumption and Nutrition Division.
Discussion Paper. No. 111. Washington, D.C.:
International Food Policy Research Instistute.
25. UNDP 2000.
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