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UNFPA Global Population Policy Update
Advocacy and Fundraising Documents; "What Does a Dollar Buy?" and "What Does a Euro Buy?"
ISSUE 39 - 27 August 2004
This issue of the UNFPA Global Population Policy Update features documents recently developed by the Technical Support Division (TSD) of UNFPA, entitled "What Does a Dollar Buy?" and "What Does a Euro Buy?" These documents were produced in response to a need for an advocacy and fundraising tool that would provide quick figures on reproductive health commodity procurement and services.
They include easy to understand numbers on the amount of money needed, in both dollar and euro terms, to provide specific reproductive health supplies or to achieve certain outcomes, for instance, how much it costs to equip a referral facility for the provision of obstetric care, or how much it costs to prevent one HIV infection in a newborn, among others.
It is hoped that the documents would serve as a menu from which UNFPA and its partners would be able to pick specific information for use in advocacy and fundraising campaigns.
.....................................................................................................................................
1) What Does a Dollar Buy?
Cost of Selected RH Commodities and Services
|
Family Planing
|
Note
|
|
| $0.02 | Cost of one male condom (commodity cost only) | 1 |
| $0.15 | Cost per male condom (distributed in social marketing program) | 2 |
| $0.40 | Cost of one IUD, providing a couple with protection against unintended pregnancy for (on average) three and a half years | 3 |
| $0.60 | Cost of one female condom (commodity cost only) | 4 |
| $2 | Provides one couple with contraceptive protection for one year using (male) condoms | 5 |
| $4.50 | Enable a woman to avoid or postrone pregnancy for one year using oral contraceptives | 6 |
| $10 | Enables 3 women to space their children using injectable contraceptives | 7 |
|
Maternal and Newborn Health
|
Note
|
|
| $0.02 | To provide preventive eye care toa newborn against blindness from neopatal ophthalmia | 8 |
| $3 | Cost of one insercticide-treated mosquito net (to prevent malaria infection in pregnant women) | 9 |
| $5 | Average cost of providing one pregnant woman with quality antenatal care | 10 |
| $10 | Clean birthing kits for 6 women | 11 |
| $17 | Drugs to treat a pregnant woman infected with malaria | 12 |
| $65 | Average cost to provide a C-section (personnel cost, drugs and supplies) to avoid pregnancy complications | 13 |
| $500 | Provides a referral-level facility with the medical equipment and instruments needed to provide emergency obstetric care to a population of 150,000 | 14 |
| $1,000 | Cost of drugs, supplies, and equipment required to provide care at the referral level to 36 women suffering from obstetric complications (i.e., backup capacity to provide EmOC for 500 pregnancies) | 15 |
|
HIV/AIDS and other STIs
|
Note
|
|
| $0.05 | Cost of a syphilis test (test only) | 16 |
| $0.30 | Cost of drugs required to treat one case of gonorrhea or syphilis | 17 |
| $0.80 | Cost of a HIV test (test only) | 18 |
| $2 | Enable a man to prevent STI or HIV infections for one year using condoms | 19 |
| $12 | Cost per person receiving testing and counseling for HIV in a voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) program | 20 |
| $80 | Cost of drugs required to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV | 21 |
| $150 | Cost per teacher trained to educate students about HIV/AIDS and its prevention | 22 |
All costs in 2003 US$
|
What Do 10$ Buy?
|
|
| 500 | Male condoms |
| 500 | Newborns provided with preventive eye care against blindness from neonatal ophthalmia |
| 200 | Persons tested for syphilis 1 |
| 67 | Male condoms distributed in a social marketing program |
| 33 | Persons treated for gonorrhea or syphilis 2 |
| 25 | IUDs, providing 25 couples with protection against unintended pregnancy for (on average) three and a half years |
| 17 | Female condoms |
| 6 | Safe delivery kits |
| 5 | Couples protected by condoms for one year (for prevention of unintended pregnancies and/or STI/HIV infection) |
| 3 | Women enabled to space their children using injectable contraception |
| 2 | Women provided with quality antenatal care |
1 Cost of test only
2 Drug costs only
|
What Do 1,000$ Buy?
|
|
| 80 | Persons tested for HIV and counseled in a VCT program |
| 36 | Women with obstetric complications provided with the necessary drugs and supplies |
| 15 | C-sections 1 |
| 13 | Newborn HIV infections prevented 2 |
| 7 | Teachers trained in HIV/AIDS education |
| 2 | Referral-level facilities provided with medical equipment and instruments needed to provide emergency obstetric care to a population of 150,000 each |
1 Includes cost of service provision.
2 Drug costs only
Notes and Sources
Prices quoted for commodities do not include the cost of transportation from the manufacturer to the country where they will be used. They also do not include the cost of distribution within the country.
1. Source: UNFPA Procurement.
2. Sources:
Saderlund N, LavisJ, Broomberg J & Mills A. 1993. The costs of HIV prevention strategies in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 71(5): 595-604.<>
Schwartlander B, Stover J, Walker N et al. 2001. Resource Needs for HIV/AIDS. Science, Vol. 292, Issue 5526, 2434-2436, June 29, 2001
3. Source: UNFPA Procurement.
4. Source: UNFPA Procurement.
5. Commodity cost only. Assuming 100 condoms = 1 year of protection, cost per condom $0.02
Source: UNFPA Procurement.
6. Commodity cost only. Assuming 15 cycles @ $0.30 = 1 CYP
Source: UNFPA Procurement.
7. Assumes 4 injections @ $0.85 = 1 CYP
Source: UNFPA Procurement.
8. Source: UNICEF Supply catalogue
1 tube of tetracycline eye ointment = $0.20, provides treatment for 10 newborns
9. Source: UNFPA/MSH. RH Commodity Requirements Study.
10. Source: UNFPA RH Costing Literature Review.
ANC according to WHO's Mother-Baby Package standards
(4 visits @ 20 min each, hemoglobin, urine and RPR syphilis tests, treatment for malaria and hookworm, iron supplementation)
11. RH Kit No. 2
Cost: $1.67 per kit
Small plastic bag containing a bar of soap, plastic sheet, razor blade and string to cut and tie umbilical cord and a cotton cloth to wrap the baby.
Source: UNFPA Procurement.
12. Source: UNFPA/MSH. RH Commodity Requirements Study.
Treatment with quinine dihydrochloride and quinine sulfate
13. Source: UNFPA RH Costing Literature Review.
14. RH Kit No. 11A @ $470
Contains equipment and instruments to perform C-section and other emergency obstetric interventions
Designed to serve a pop. of 150,000
Source: UNFPA Procurement.
15. RH Kit No. 11B
Cost: $2,900
Contains drugs and supplies to treat 105 women presenting with obstructed labor, eclampsia, sepsis and other obstetric emergencies. Second estimate based on assumption that 7% of pregnant women will experience obstetric emergencies.
16. Source: UNICEF Supply catalogue
R.P.R. (Rapid Plasma Reagin) test kit, 100 tests for $4.65.
17. Source: UNFPA/MSH. RH Commodity Requirements Study.
Treatment with Ciprofloxacin (gonorrhea) and benzathine benzylpenicillin (syphilis).
18. Source: UNFPA Procurement
19. Commodity cost only. Assuming 100 condoms = 1 year of protection, cost per condom $0.02
Source: UNFPA Procurement.
20. Median cost
Schwartlander B, Stover J, Walker N et al. 2001. Resource Needs for HIV/AIDS. Science, Vol. 292, Issue 5526, 2434-2436, June 29, 2001
Source: Boerma T, Bennett J. 2001. Costs of District AIDS Programmes. Chapter 21, pp. 353-370 in: HIV Prevention and AIDS Care in Africa. A District-Level Approach. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Royal Tropical Institute.
21. Drug regimen based on most current WHO recommendations (as of Feb 2004):
For pregnant woman: Zidovudine (300 mg twice a day) at 28 weeks of gestation, continuing until delivery plus single dose Nevirapine (200 mg) at the onset of labour
For infant: Single dose Nevirapine (2mg/kg) plus Zidovudine (2 mg/kg four times a day) for one week
Drug costs based on “Sources and prices of selected drugs and diagnostics for people living with HIV/AIDS, joint publication by UNAIDS, WHO and MSF, 2003 edition.
22. Range $75 -$250
Source: Boerma T, Bennett J. 2001. Costs of District AIDS Programmes. Chapter 21, pp. 353-370 in: HIV Prevention and AIDS Care in Africa. A District-Level Approach. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Royal Tropical Institute.
2) What Does a Euro Buy?
Cost of Selected RH Commodities and Services
|
Family Planing
|
Note
|
|
| €0.02 | Cost of one male condom (commodity cost only) | 1 |
| €0.12 | Cost per male condom (distributed in social marketing program) | 2 |
| €0.30 | Cost of one IUD, providing a couple with protection against unintended pregnancy for (on average) three and a half years | 3 |
| €0.50 | Cost of one female condom (commodity cost only) | 4 |
| €1.60 | Provides one couple with contraceptive protection for one year using condoms | 5 |
| €3.50 | Enable a woman to avoid or postrone pregnancy for one year using oral contraceptives | 6 |
| €10 | Enables 4 women to space their children using injectable contraceptives | 7 |
|
Maternal and Newborn Health
|
Note
|
|
| €0.02 | To provide preventive eye care toa newborn against blindness from neopatal ophthalmia | 8 |
| €2.50 | Cost of one insercticide-treated mosquito net (to prevent malaria infection in pregnant women) | 9 |
| €4 | Average cost of providing one pregnant woman with quality antenatal care | 10 |
| €14 | Drugs to treat a pregnant woman infected with malaria | 11 |
| €20 | Clean birthing kits for 15 women | 12 |
| €50 | Average cost to provide a C-section (personnel cost, drugs and supplies) to avoid pregnancy complications | 13 |
| €400 | Provides a referral-level facility with the medical equipment and instruments needed to provide emergency obstetric care to a population of 150,000 | 14 |
| €800 | Cost of drugs, supplies, and equipment required to provide care at the referral level to 36 women suffering from obstetric complications (i.e., backup capacity to provide EmOC for 500 pregnancies) | 15 |
|
HIV/AIDS and other STIs
|
Note
|
|
| €0.04 | Cost of a syphilis test (test only) | 16 |
| €0.25 | Cost of drugs required to treat one case of gonorrhea or syphilis | 17 |
| €0.60 | Cost of a HIV test (test only) | 18 |
| €1.60 | Enable a man to prevent STI or HIV infections for one year using condoms | 19 |
| €10 | Cost per person receiving testing and counseling for HIV in a voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) program | 20 |
| €65 | Cost of drugs required to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV | 21 |
| €120 | Cost per teacher trained to educate students about HIV/AIDS and its prevention | 22 |
|
What Do €10 Buy?
|
|
| 600 | Male condoms |
| 600 | Newborns provided with preventive eye care against blindness from neonatal ophthalmia |
| 250 | Persons tested for syphilis 1 |
| 84 | Male condoms distributed in a social marketing program |
| 40 | Persons treated for gonorrhea or syphilis 2 |
| 33 | IUDs, providing 33 couples with protection against unintended pregnancy for (on average) three and a half years |
| 20 | Female condoms |
| 8 | Safe delivery kits |
| 6 | Couples protected by condoms for one year (for prevention of unintended pregnancies and/or STI/HIV infection) |
| 4 | Women enabled to space their children using injectable contraception |
1 Cost of test kit only
2 Drug costs only
|
What Do €100 Buy?
|
|
| 25 | Women provided with quality antenatal care |
| 10 | Persons tested for HIV and counseled in a VCT program |
|
What Do €1,000 Buy?
|
|
| 67 | Pregnant women treated for malaria 1 |
| 45 | Women with obstetric complications provided with the necessary drugs and supplies |
| 20 | C-sections 2 |
| 15 | Newborn HIV infections prevented 3 |
| 9 | Teachers trained in HIV/AIDS education |
1 Drug cost only
2 Includes cost of service provision.
3 Drug costs only
|
What Do €10,000 Buy?
|
|
| 25 | Referral-level facilities provided with medical equipment and instruments needed to provide emergency obstetric care to a population of 150,000 each |
Notes and Sources
All cost sources in 2003 US$.
Conversion to Euro based on an exchange rate of 1 US$/0.80€ (March 1, 2004)
All commodity costs are exclusive of freight costs, which usually add 15-25% to the cost (Source: UNFPA Procurement).
1. Source: UNFPA Procurement.
2. Sources:
Saderlund N, LavisJ, Broomberg J & Mills A. 1993. The costs of HIV prevention strategies in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 71(5): 595-604.
Schwartlander B, Stover J, Walker N et al. 2001. Resource Needs for HIV/AIDS. Science, Vol. 292, Issue 5526, 2434-2436, June 29, 2001
3. Source: UNFPA Procurement.
4. Source: UNFPA Procurement.
5. Assuming 100 condoms = 1 year of protection, cost per condom $0.02
Source: UNFPA Procurement.
6. Assuming 15 cycles @ $0.30 = 1 CYP
Source: UNFPA Procurement.
7. Assumes 4 injections @ $0.85 = 1 CYP
Source: UNFPA Procurement.
8. Source: UNICEF Supply catalogue
1 tube of tetracycline eye ointment = $0.20, provides treatment for 10 newborns
9. Source: UNFPA/MSH. RH Commodity Requirements Study.
10. Source: UNFPA RH Costing Literature Review.
ANC according to Mother-Baby Package standards
(4 visits @ 20 min each, hemoglobin, urine and RPR syphilis tests, treatment for malaria and hookworm, iron supplementation)
11. Source: UNFPA/MSH. RH Commodity Requirements Study.
Treatment with quinine dihydrochloride and quinine sulfate
12. RH Kit No. 2
Cost: $1.67 per kit
Small plastic bag containing a bar of soap, plastic sheet, razor blade and string to cut and tie umbilical cord and a cotton cloth to wrap the baby.
Source: UNFPA Procurement.
13. Source: UNFPA RH Costing Literature Review.
14. RH Kit No. 11A @ $470
Contains equipment and instruments to perform C-section and other emergency obstetric interventions
Designed to serve a pop. of 150,000
Source: UNFPA Procurement.
15. RH Kit No. 11B
Cost: $2,900
Contains drugs and supplies to treat 105 women presenting with obstructed labor, eclampsia, sepsis and other obstetric emergencies. Second estimate based on assumption that 7% of pregnant women will experience obstetric emergencies.
16. Source: UNICEF Supply catalogue
R.P.R. (Rapid Plasma Reagin) test kit, 100 tests for $4.65.
17. Source: UNFPA/MSH. RH Commodity Requirements Study.
Treatment with Ciprofloxacin (gonorrhea) and benzathine benzylpenicillin (syphilis).
18. Source: UNFPA Procurement
19. Assuming 100 condoms = 1 year of protection, cost per condom $0.02
Source: UNFPA Procurement.
20. Median cost
Schwartlander B, Stover J, Walker N et al. 2001. Resource Needs for HIV/AIDS. Science, Vol. 292, Issue 5526, 2434-2436, June 29, 2001
Source: Boerma T, Bennett J. 2001. Costs of District AIDS Programmes. Chapter 21, pp. 353-370 in: HIV Prevention and AIDS Care in Africa. A District-Level Approach. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Royal Tropical Institute.
21. Drug regimen based on most current WHO recommendations (as of Feb 2004):
For pregnant woman: Zidovudine (300 mg twice a day) at 28 weeks of gestation, continuing until delivery plus single dose Nevirapine (200 mg) at the onset of labour
For infant: Single dose Nevirapine (2mg/kg) plus Zidovudine (2 mg/kg four times a day) for one week
Drug costs based on Sources and prices of selected drugs and diagnostics for people living with HIV/AIDS, joint publication by UNAIDS, WHO and MSF, 2003 edition.
22. Range $75 -$250
Source: Boerma T, Bennett J. 2001. Costs of District AIDS Programmes. Chapter 21, pp. 353-370 in: HIV Prevention and AIDS Care in Africa. A District-Level Approach. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Royal Tropical Institute.
All previous issues of the UNFPA Global Population Policy Update can now be found on UNFPA's website at: http://www.unfpa.org/parliamentarians/news/newsletters.htm
This newsletter is issued by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in its capacity as secretariat for the biannual International Parliamentarians' Conference on the Implementation of the ICPD Programme of Action (the first conference was held in November 2002, in Ottawa, Canada). These dispatches are intended to highlight important developments taking place around the world so that parliamentarians can be kept informed of and learn from the successes, setbacks and challenges encountered by their fellow parliamentarians in other countries and regions in their efforts to promote the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (September 1994, Cairo, Egypt). It should be noted that UNFPA does not necessarily endorse all of the policies described in this newsletter.
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