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Overview
Rwanda
Rwanda is a least developed country, ranking 159 out of 177 countries on the UNDP Human Development Index. Presidential and parliamentary elections were successfully conducted in 2003 after years of ethnic strife that culminated in the 1994 genocide. The civil war reversed substantial gains made in the population and development programme. The government is still grappling with the effects of the civil war. The maternal mortality ratio (1,400 deaths per 100,000 live births) and infant mortality rate (114 deaths per 1,000 live births) are among the highest in the world.
Nearly a quarter of the country's 9 million inhabitants are between the ages of 15 and 24. Furthermore, with a total fertility rate of over five lifetime births per woman, one of the major challenges facing the government is whether economic growth will keep pace with population growth.
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| STATISTICS |
| POPULATION |
1990 |
Most Recent |
| Population in Thousands, 2003, Total, Male |
 |
|
|
3,344.6 |
|
|
4,045.0 |
| Population in Thousands, 2003, Total, Female |
|
|
|
3,430.5 |
|
|
4,436.3 |
| Population Growth Rate, Per Cent |
|
|
|
2.6 |
|
|
2.2 |
| Crude Birth Rate per 1,000 Population |
|
|
|
44.8 |
|
|
44.0 |
| Crude Death Rate per 1,000 Population |
|
|
|
19.2 |
|
|
21.8 |
| Urban Population, Per Cent |
|
|
|
5.3 |
|
|
21.8 |
| Sex Ratio at Birth, Male Births per Female Birth |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
1.02 |
| Sex Ratio of Population, Males per Females |
|
|
|
97.49 |
|
|
91.72 |
| Women 15-49, Thousands |
|
|
|
1,516.5 |
|
|
2,121.1 |
| Women 15-49, Per Cent |
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
0.5 |
| Total Fertility Rate per Woman 15-49 |
|
|
|
7.00 |
|
|
5.74 |
| Contraceptive Prevalence Rate for Women 15-49, Modern Method, Per Cent |
|
|
|
12.9 |
|
|
4.3 |
| Contraceptive Prevalence Rate for Women 15-49, Any Method, Per Cent |
|
 |
|
21.2 |
|
|
13.2 |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio per 100,000 Live Births (MMR) |
 |
|
|
1,300 |
|
|
1,400 |
| MMR, Lower Bound |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
790 |
| MMR, Upper Bound |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
2,000 |
| Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 Live Births |
|
|
|
116.2 |
|
|
111.5 |
| Under Age 5 Mortality Rate, Total |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
179 |
| Under Age 5 Mortality Rate, Female |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
168 |
| Under Age 5 Mortality Rate, Male |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
189 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth, Combined, Years |
|
|
|
44.0 |
|
|
39.3 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth, Female, Years |
|
|
|
45.7 |
|
|
39.7 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth, Male, Years |
|
|
|
42.3 |
|
|
38.8 |
| Median Age of Total Population |
|
|
|
16.1 |
|
|
17.2 |
| Population 60 Years and Over, Per Cent |
|
|
|
3.8 |
|
|
4.2 |
| Population 0-14 as Proportion of Population 65+ |
|
|
|
997 |
|
|
914 |
|
| INDICATORS |
| SOCIOECONOMIC & HEALTH INDICATORS |
1990 |
Most Recent |
| Gross Domestic Product Per Capita, Purchasing Power Parity, International Dollars |
|
|
|
980 |
|
|
1,270 |
| Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate, Annual Per Cent |
|
|
|
-2 |
|
|
9 |
| Income Group per World Bank Classification |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
Low income |
| UNFPA Country Priority Classification |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
A |
| Population Below $1/Day, Per Cent |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
35.7 |
| Population Living Below National Poverty Line, Per Cent |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
51.2 |
| Access to Improved Water Supply, Per Cent |
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
41 |
| Antenatal Care, At Least One Visit, Per Cent |
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
93 |
| Deliveries Attended by Skilled Attendants, Per Cent |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
31 |
| Family Planning Programme Effort Index, 1999 (Total Mean Score) |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
62.0 |
| Illiteracy Rate, Per Cent of Population 15 and Over, Male |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
22 |
| Illiteracy Rate, Per Cent of Population 15 and Over, Female |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
32 |
| Illiteracy Rate, Per Cent of Population 15 to 24, Male |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
12 |
| Illiteracy Rate, Percent of Population 15 to 24, Female |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
13 |
| Primary School Enrolment, Gross Per Cent of School Age Population, Male |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
119 |
| Primary School Enrolment, Gross Per Cent of School Age Population, Female |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
118 |
| Secondary School Enrolment, GrossPer Cent of School Age Population, Male |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
14 |
| Secondary School Enrolment, Gross Per Cent of School Age Population, Female |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
14 |
| Ratio of Girls to Boys, Primary Education |
|
|
|
0.99 |
|
|
1.00 |
| Ratio of Girls to Boys, Secondary Education |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
0.96 |
| Children Underweight Under 5, Male, Per Cent |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
30 |
| Children Underweight Under 5, Female, Per Cent |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
29 |
| Stunted Children under 5, Moderate, Per Cent |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
43 |
| Stunted Children under 5, Severe, Per Cent |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
19 |
| Wasted Children under 5, Moderate, Per Cent |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
7 |
| Wasted Children under 5, Severe, Per Cent |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
1 |
| Refugees, Number |
|
|
|
25,200 |
|
|
30,863 |
| Internally Displaced Persons, Number |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
n/a |
| Asylum Seekers, Number |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
1,576 |
| Married by 18, Percent, Female, 25-49 |
|
|
|
23.7 |
|
|
20.0 |
| ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INDICATORS |
1990 |
Most Recent |
| Proportion of Population 15-24 |
|
|
|
19.6 |
|
|
21.4 |
| Median Age at First Sexual Intercourse, Female, 25-49 |
|
|
|
19.9 |
|
|
20.1 |
| Age-Specific Fertility Rate per 1000 Women, 15-20 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
49.8 |
| Mean Age at Marriage, Male |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
n/a |
| Mean Age at Marriage, Female |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
21.2 |
| HIV knowledge, Women 15-24 Who Know That a Person Can Protect Herself from HIV by Consistent Condom Use, Per Cent |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
63 |
| HIV knowledge, Men 15-24 Who Know That a Person Can Protect Himself from HIV by Consistent Condom Use, Per Cent |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
76 |
| HIV/AIDS Prevalence, 15-24, Lower Bound, Female |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
9.0 |
| HIV/AIDS Prevalence, 15-24, Upper Bound, Female |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
13.4 |
| HIV/AIDS Prevalence, 15-24, Lower Bound, Male |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
3.9 |
| HIV/AIDS Prevalence, 15-24, Upper Bound, Male |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
5.9 |
| Estimated HIV/AIDS Prevalence, 15-24, Total |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
8.1 |
| GENDER EQUALITY INDICATORS |
1990 |
Most Recent |
| Gender Empowerment Measure, Value |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
n/a |
| Gender Empowerment Measure, Rank |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
n/a |
| Labor Force Participation Rate, 15-64, Total |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
88.0 |
| Labor Force Participation Rate, 15-64, Male |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
88.8 |
| Labor Force Participation Rate, 15-64, Female |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
87.4 |
| Women in Managerial or Technical Positions, Thousands |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
n/a |
| Seats in Parliament Held by Women, Per Cent |
|
|
|
17.0 |
|
|
25.7 |
| RH COMMODITY SECURITY INDICATORS |
1990 |
Most Recent |
| Projected Increase/Decrease in Women of Reproductive Age 2000-2015, Thousands |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
678.8 |
| Projected Increase/Decrease in Women of Reproductive Age 2000-2015, Per Cent |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
34.8 |
| Unmet Need for Family Planning, Spacing, Per Cent |
|
|
|
21.0 |
|
|
24.0 |
| Unmet Need for Family Planning, Limiting, Per Cent |
|
|
|
19.4 |
|
|
11.6 |
| Unmet Need for Family Planning, Total, Per Cent |
|
|
|
40.4 |
|
|
35.6 |
| Unmet Need for Family Planning, Millions |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
| INTERNAL DISPARITIES |
| Total Fertility Rate per Woman 15-49 |
Most Recent |
Province |
| Urban |
|
|
|
|
