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3 Combating poverty Chapter 5 Demographic dynamics and sustainability Chapter 6 Protecting and promoting human health conditions Chapter 24 Global action for women towards sustainable and equitable development Chapter 25 Children and youth in sustainable development Chapter 27 Strengthening the role of non-governmental organizations: partners for sustainable development Chapter 33 Financial resources and mechanisms Chapter 36 Promoting education, public awareness and training Chapter 37 "National mechanisms and international cooperation for capacity-building in developing countries Chapter 38 International institutional arrangements |
CHAPTER 33 A programme as ambitious as Agenda 21 requires much in the way of financial resources. The UNCED Secretariat estimated that the implementation of Agenda 21 in the developing countries would require in excess of $600 billion per annum, of which some $125 billion would have to come from the developed countries on grant or concession terms. This implies that the countries that are members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) would have to more than double their present official development assistance (ODA). Although some developed country donors that had pledged to reach the target for ODA of 0.7 per cent of gross national product (GNP) reaffirmed their pledge in Rio, not all were willing to set a date for its fulfilment. Others set the year 2000 as the target date. Still others have already reached and surpassed the target. It is estimated that, at present, some $9.5 billion is devoted to population activities in the developing countries, of which almost 80 per cent is provided by the developing countries themselves. To be able to live up to the intentions of Agenda 21, support for population activities should, according to ICPD Programme of Action of 1994, reach $17 billion a year by the turn of the century. The $17 billion is the minimum annual cost for core population activities required for universal access to modern reproductive health care and family planning services. To reach the ICPD funding goal, the Programme of Action recommends that donor countries increase their share of spending from one quarter to one third of the total—from the current $2 billion to about $3.6 billion (with an additional $2.1 billion from foundations and international financial institutions)—in the year 2000. |
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