The
Government of Jamaica has a comprehensive population
policy. The current population growth rate is compatible
with the National Population Policy’s targets of
a growth rate below 0.8 per cent and a projected population
size under 3.0 million by the year 2020 (though some
projections are higher). There has been a decline in
the absolute numbers of registered births, which is reflected
in a local 2001 estimate of the crude birth rate: 21.2
births per 1,000 population. The general fertility rate
was calculated in 2001 at 79.4 births per 1,000 women
aged 15-49 years, up from 78.2 in 2000. The total fertility
rate (TFR) has decreased to below the 2.8 children per
woman estimated in 1997, down from 3 in 1993. The National
Family Planning Board’s projections for 2005 indicated
an expected TFR of 2.5 – a number some suggest
may have already been reached.
In its response to a recent United Nations inquiry,
the Government indicated that it viewed both its population
growth rate and its fertility rate as too high. Another
area of major concern is the continued high adolescent
fertility rate. The National Family Planning Board
of Jamaica places special emphasis on adolescent reproductive
and sexual health. Jamaica recently set up an Adolescent
Policy working group within the Government to better
address such problems as the high prevalence of HIV
and abortion among teenagers.
More than half of all Jamaicans under the age of
20 live in poverty. More than 20% do not live with
either parent, as fathers are often uninvolved in child
rearing. Many mothers must migrate for work, leaving
children with other family members, neighbors or on
their own. Approximately 90% of young people in Jamaica
have heard of HIV/AIDS, but the fear of stigma and
discrimination keep them from becoming better-informed
and adopting preventive behaviors, such as using condoms.
A UNFPA Country Programme is being developed to include
advocacy and communications, including for the reduction
of the prices of
antiretroviral therapy; training of health and medical
personnel; sexuality education in curriculum development;
and focus on reproductive health rights as a human
rights issue. UNFPA has organized HIV/AIDS sensitivity
training for other UN agencies with the help of people
living with HIV.
Source: http://www.unfpa.org/profile/jamaica.cfm
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